A yin yoga sequence anxiety9/17/2023 This randomized controlled trial tested the following hypotheses: (1) five-week interventions combining Yin yoga with psychoeducation (the YOMI program), and Yin yoga practice alone, reduce levels of ADM, perceived stress, anxiety, depression, and sleep problems to a greater extent than a control group, and (2) pre-post changes in ADM are related to pre-post changes in the psychological health variables. In line with this previous study, we expected this combination of Yin yoga with psychoeducation to have stronger health-beneficial effects than Yin yoga alone. The YOMI program, which combines Yin yoga with psychoeducation, produced significant pre-post reductions in stress and worry among young moderately to highly stressed adults. While practicing yoga may not reduce the challenges, or stressors, of daily life, it may provide tools for coping with them, thereby reducing the negative health impacts of stress. Yoga can improve various psychological-health-related factors, including stress, anxiety, depression, and sleep problems, all of which are associated with NCDs. As such, Yin yoga may help lower perceived levels of stress and anxiety, which in turn may reduce the physiological and psychological risk factors associated with NCD. Its focus on calmness and mindfulness makes Yin yoga a tool for relaxation and stress coping, thereby improving psychological health. Yin yoga, the basis for the interventions examined in this study, is a calmer, more meditative form of yoga that uses seated and lying postures, held for three to five minutes, while maintaining deep breathing. 4), is an essential aspect of yoga practice. Mindfulness, which Kabat-Zinn refers to as “paying attention in a particular way: on purpose, in the present moment, and non-judgmentally” (p. In Western society, its best-known form is Hatha yoga, which generally entails performing sequences of physical postures combined with deep breathing in a controlled and mindful manner. Yoga is an umbrella term for various physical, mental, and spiritual practices originating in ancient India. The results have been mixed for anxiety disorders, with one study finding elevated ADM levels in such patients, but another finding reduced levels. Elevated ADM was found in patients with major depression, and according to a large population-based study, plasma ADM partly explains the relationship between depressive symptoms and mortality risk during long-term follow-ups. In a study on rodents, stress stimuli known to increase sympathetic activity led to elevated ADM in the pituitary gland, plasma, and adrenals, suggesting that it modulates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. While there is much evidence linking ADM with stress, anxiety, and depression, it is still premature to conclude that these relationships are causal. However, ADM concentrations might rise without concomitant pathology, such as during exercise, or rapidly change during orthostatic challenges. ADM concentrations also increase with body mass index (BMI) and are elevated in people with chronic conditions, such as congestive heart failure, hypertension, and renal disease. Increased ADM concentrations may be a compensatory mechanism of elevated blood pressure. Although there are no agreed-upon thresholds for plasma ADM concentrations, measurements in healthy control subjects indicate that normal concentrations are 1–10 pM. In acute conditions of vascular and cardiac stress, ADM is one of the strongest predictors of death known to date. Importantly, plasma ADM levels are elevated years before the onset of several major NCDs –particularly, high concentrations in healthy individuals strongly and independently predict the later development of CVD and cancer, as well as premature mortality. It mediates vasodilation, angiogenesis, and growth modulation, and thus exerts both growth-promoting and growth-inhibitory effects on cells. ĪDM is secreted from many organs, including the endothelium. In this study, we examined the effects of two Yin yoga-based interventions on the vasoactive peptide adrenomedullin (ADM) and common psychological risk factors of NCDs, including stress, anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Besides well-known preventative interventions recommended in the healthcare system, such as smoking cessation, improved dietary habits, and increased physical activity (e.g., ), practicing y oga has been the subject of recent interest as a possible way of improving the risk factors associated with NCDs accordingly, medical professionals are debating whether yoga practice should be included in future health recommendations. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), especially cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer, are responsible for high morbidity rates and the majority of deaths worldwide.
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